Personal Finance

Friday, Feb 08 2019,

Need for more wealth is never ending. We want to be wealthy, free from stress, free from monthly rents, mortgages and wish to pursue our passion. But the irony is, only a few from the lot are able to achieve financial freedom. It's not that we don't work hard, we all do, but something is wrong somewhere and we don't really handle it well. Why can't we be wealthy in spite of the struggles that we go through each day even after years? We often wonder what is it that the wealthy do and we are not doing?

For becoming wealthy, you have to earn, save, invest, and thus multiply what you earn. We all know this, however there are some personality traits which are becoming boulders in our way to success. Today we will talk about some of these traits...

Procrastination: We fail because we do not start on time, we keep on waiting for the right time, not realizing that if we do not start, the probability of winning is zero. Most of us are in the 'planning to invest' stage since ages, but this planning never ends, and we seldom move on to the next stage of 'executing'. We know that we have to invest to save tax, to meet our future goals, to build wealth, but there is something stopping us to actualize it. '“I'll start an ELSS SIP this year”, and I say this each year', is the problem.

Band Wagon: My neighbour is rich, I'll do what he is doing; This is a common problem, if my neighbour is doing well in his car modifying business, I'll also want to do the same business, not realizing the fact that he is a mechanical engineer, he has a passion for cars and it's not there in my blood. We have to identify what we are good at, what excites us, and then choose our career. This starts from our education and extends to our career, If economics excites you, don't take computer science because it is more popular, and all your friends are choosing CS.

Lack of well framed goals: We want to achieve a lot, but if someone asks us what do you want to do in life, or how do you see yourself ten years down the line. Most of us would have vague answers, since our goals are not clear. We don't know what we want to achieve and what we are working for. And no matter how much we struggle, working without a mission is like a ship without a helm. You'll never reach the shore if you don't have a direction in life. You should have well framed goals and the time horizon to achieve them, before investing for those goals.

Indecisive: Another major pit on our path to success is our inability to take decisions and to abide by them. At first, we are not able to decide whether to invest or not, then when to invest, and finally where to invest. And if at all we invest, we easily lose conviction in our decision and keep on changing our investment pattern, we sell what we have and buy something which our friend suggested. The cycle repeats in many forms and we end up wasting the time and efforts involved in making each investment. Result, we don't end up anywhere.

Personal life: Not having a happy married or family life, can be one of the biggest contributors to misery. It destroys your goals, your self confidence, your plans and your inner peace. In order to be wealthy, you have to start from your home and you have to maintain harmony and understanding in your relationships and invest time, care, love and concern in people around you.

Lack of patience: We all want to make money and make it quick. Unfortunately, financial success is all about patience and time. Once you invest, you have to be patient and see it rise and fall, until it reaches a point where it serves your purpose. Often a fall in the investment pulls the rug from under our feet, and this state of panic leads to wrong investment decisions. We have to control our emotions when the times are bad and wait till the clouds roll by.

Some people just don't want to take risk: Some people are adventurous, and invest in high risk high return products, and at times lose the principal as well. And there are some, who do not want to risk their money at all, even if their age and financial position allows them to take some risk, they won't. And both extremes, do not make money. Risk and reward go hand in hand, you have to take risk, to build your wealth, but it should be calculated on the basis of financial backgrounds, goals and risk appetite.

Standard of living: We tend to imbibe the standard of living of our acquaintances. We buy things which we do not require and we cannot afford, in order to maintain a lifestyle and social status. A Levi's jeans is equally good as a Diesel jeans and both serve the purpose, the reason spend Rs 16,000 on a Diesel jeans in the snob appeal it presents. If we cut down the expenses which are not necessary or stop paying a premium, not

for quality but for brand value, we'll be able to save a lot. And these accumulated savings, if invested wisely, will add to our better future.

Idle cash and savings A/c: Cash lying in a pot buried in your backyard or in your savings bank A/c is not building wealth for you. If you are keeping cash with a view to ensure safety and liquidity, you do not realize that the prices of consumer goods are increasing at around 7% annually and your savings bank balance, or worse, cash in that pot, are not increasing anywhere near the inflation rate. So, effectively, this idle cash is deteriorating with time. In fact the same can be also said for investments in Fixed Deposits of banks where post tax returns are less than inflation. You must direct it to a better return generating avenue, so as to at least cover the inflation rate. If you are looking for liquidity, investing in a liquid mutual fund is a better option.

Excess gold: Indians are obsessed with gold. We buy gold on every auspicious occasion and worse, we buy gold in jewellery form and we firmly believe that it is an investment which will protect us in case of emergencies. We pay huge making charges at the time of purchase, which is a total loss. We pay locker rents for ensuring safety of our jewellery. And in case an emergency arises, selling gold jewellery is considered ominous, and is the last resort to source money. And if all we have to sell, we pay wastage charges, which is again a loss. So, buying gold jewellery is not an investment at all. If you still feel that gold offers you protection, you can possess it in dematerialised form, you can invest in gold funds or gold ETFs. This will give you the benefit of availing the increase in the price of gold, no making or wastage charges, & no handling charges. The investors who are willing to overcome these personality traits will move towards their goal of becoming wealthy sooner than those who don't.

Saturday, February 02 2019
Source/Contribution by : NJ Publications

The last day for action to save taxes is just round the corner. It is high time that you now take compute the tax liabilities and take necessary steps to reduce your tax liability. However, in this last few days, it is also very easy for you to get carried away and make some mistakes. In this piece, we will give some tips on what you should actually do along with a brief overview of the tax saving avenues...

Last minute tips:

  • Calculate your taxable income first and the investments /deductions already made under different IT sections, especially section 80C.

  • Don't rush into long term insurance products in a hurry. The primarily reason for buying insurance should be protection and not tax savings.

  • Do not invest in NPS purely to save taxes. NPS is a long term commitment and the new taxation benefits announced will only be applicable in the new financial year.

  • Invest only where you understand the product and feel a genuine need for the same.

Explore the following options to save taxes ...

  1. Mutual Fund ELSS schemes: The good part is that your investment can be made easily in a product that has the shortest lock-in period of 3 years and very favourable tax benefits. The safe part is that there is no recurring investments or any sort of long term or future commitment. But one should understand that the investment will be made in equity asset class which may give volatile returns with a fair possibility of both good and not-so-good returns. It is an often recommended product by financial advisors and you should it a good look .

  2. Term insurance plans: Term insurance offers high level of coverage for the lowest premiums. They are safer as the long term commitment is low and you get the maximum coverage for every rupee that you pay. However, choosing a term plan should be done with care and help of experts / insurance advisors. The process can be completed with payment of premium unless there are some medical tests required.

  3. Health Insurance cover: This another popular avenue for saving taxes. Healthy young adults without any adverse medical history may still find this option available but one would need to hurry to buy the policy on time as it may take a bit of time.

 

Common Tax savings sections ...

Section

Maximum limit for deduction /exemption

80C, 80CCC & 80CCD

On investments upto Rs.1,50,000 in multiple instruments

80CCD (1B)

On investments of Rs.50,000 in NPS

80D

On health insurance premiums upto to Rs.25,000 self /spouse/ children (Rs.30,000 if either you/spouse is senior citizen) + Rs.25,000 for parents (Rs.30,000 if either parent is senior citizen)

80DD

On actual expenses upto Rs.75,000 (upto Rs.1,25,000 for severe conditions) on maintenance & medical treatment of disabled dependents

80U

If suffering from disabilities or diseases Rs.75,000 (Rs.1,25,000 if severe)

80E

Interest payable on Education loan (no limit) for self /dependent spouse/children

24

Upto Rs.2,00,000 for home loan interest + 30,000 for home improvement loans

80G / 80GGA / 80GGC

Upto 100% or 50% for donations to charitable funds, institutions, etc or for scientific research or to political parties. Maximum claim normally limited to 10% of gross annual income.

80GG

Lower of Rs.24,000 or 25% income or Rent paid (above 10% of income) for paying rent without HRA

80TTA

Upto Rs.10,000 for savings bank interest received

 

Options covered under 80C / 80CCC / 80CCD

Scheme Name

1 Year

Investments – Debt

Employee Provident Fund (EPF), Public Provident Fund (PPF), Sukanya Samriddhi Account, National Savings Certification (NSC), Senior Citizen's Savings Scheme (SCSS) Tax Savings Fixed Deposits (5 yrs)

Investments – Non-Debt

Life Insurance premium, Pension Plans, New Pension Scheme (NPS), MF Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS), Central Govt. Employees Pension Scheme

Expenditures

Principal payment on home loan, Stamp duty /registration cost of house, Tuition fees for 2 children

Friday, January 25 2019
Source/Contribution by : NJ Publications

Arrival of a kid may be the most wonderful and joyful moment in any parent’s life. Along with joy this brings additional responsibility. Making your kid financial savvy forms an important part of modern day parenting.

Just as for any multistorey building it is important to have strong base, it is important for your kid to gain knowledge about finance and investment right from his/her childhood days to be financially mature & informed. Right from automobile to electronics to real estate to FMCG companies, all are targeting this segment as children play very important role in buying decision of their parents. Just as it is important to inculcate good values and virtues, it is equally important to focus on financial literacy for your kids. Making them understand about money matters and finance can help them build strong investment base right from early stage of their life, allowing them to reap benefits later.

Different kids at different age groups need to trained in different way. Let us try to understand how money or finance related matters can be explained to kids in different age group.

Kids in 3 to 5 Year Age Group:
Make them understand about basics of money. Very first thing which they need to understand is what is money and importance of money. Why money is needed to buy everything.

Kids in 6 to 10 Year Age Group:
Kids start going to school and start interacting with outside world. They get more involved with their friends at school. There are few very important lessons to be teach at this stage. Like making the kid understand difference between need and want, importance of savings, basic skills of negotiations etc.

Here you can prepare a chart and put all essential items like food and grocery purchase, milk, house rent, electricity, clothes, fuel, school fees etc in essential item circle called 'Need' section of the chart and other items like eating out, going to movie, buying toys etc in non essential item circle called 'Want'.

Even though Rakesh and Rajesh invest more money than Rajeev, their final retirement corpus is significantly lesser compared to Rajeev. This is the benefit of starting early and allowing the power of compounding to work in your favour.

Create 3 jars or boxes :
one for income, one for spending and last one for saving. Ask the kid to move money from income jar to spending jar whenever he wants to spend and transfer balance to saving jar.

Ask the kid to put whatever he/she earns on birthday celebrations, festivals like Holi and Diwali or through gifts in income jar. After spending on his/her books, stationary or any other miscellaneous items inculcate habit of transferring balance to saving jar. This will allow the kid to understand that we need to spend within our limits of income and positive balance should be left in income jar in an order to save.

Very important to make your kid understand about usage of ATM card. Importance of keeping the card and PIN safe and secured. Make him/her understand that ATM card is only one mode of withdrawing your own money from bank account. ATM machine is not giving you free money. Also open a savings bank account in kids name. There are many banks now a days which are offering junior account with basic banking facility like cheque book or ATM card.

Kid in 11 – 14 Year Age Group:
After making your kid financially aware about basic things related to money and concept of saving, now is the time to take things one level higher. At this age you can start discussing little more complicated but very important things with your kid.

You can start discussing with your kids about concepts of compounding. Importance of early start of investing in life to take maximum advantage of compounding.

Inflation:
Just as knowledge of compounding is important, knowledge of inflation is unavoidable. How inflation eats into the value of money and how it affects both investment as well as day to day life. Make the kid understand about why it is important for any investment to beat inflation to grow your money.

Usage of Credit Card:
Kids at this age are more exposed to internet and online world. Discuss about concepts of credit card, online payment and internet banking. Credit card is only mean to make transactions conveniently. Make your kid understand about not spending through credit card on something which you can not pay in cash later. One falls in debt trap if he/she spends beyond ones paying capacity. Discuss about high penalty and interest rates charged by credit card companies on late payment and how one's credit score gets negatively affected.

Also discuss danger of providing personal data online and not sharing confidential information like passwords and fraud e mails in name of lottery winning, free holiday trips etc. Not to respond to these type of mails by providing account number / ATM Card, Credit Card number or PIN.

Kids in 15 – 18 Year Age Group:
This is the time when kids start preparing for their higher studies. Once the kid decides on type of course to pursue, you can ask the kid to calculate total cost involved for the course across different colleges which includes not only college fees but also study material cost, tuition fees, hostel expense if college is in different city as well as commutation cost. Kids can calculate the entire cost of the course across various colleges, compare and decide on his/her own. Also discuss about concept of education loan and pros and cons of taking education loan.

Adult Kids 18+ :
These are grown up kids either still studying or about to join work force in few years time. There are two very important lessons at this stage :

  • Importance of Insurance
  • Importance of Taxes

Explain concept of different kind of insurance like life insurance (term plan), health insurance, motor vehicle insurance etc. The best way to make the kid understand the concept is to take a term plan and medical insurance in kids name, involve him/her at every stage right from comparing different plans to premium payment to understanding policy document. Put responsibility of paying premium on your kid if he/she has already started earning.

Also importance of taxes while making any financial decision. Simple concept from filing income tax return, the importance of filing return and impact of taxes on investment return.

Educating your kid on financial matters is an ongoing process. Unfortunately our education system does not focus on practical aspect of finance world at primary or higher education level. The onus is on parents to educate their kids about financial matters so that they enter the professional world fully prepared.

 

Friday, January 04 2019
Source/Contribution by : NJ Publications

If you have been an active reader on personal finance topics, you must have heard of the FIRE movement. FIRE is an abbreviate for 'Financially Independent Retiring Early'. The movement is slowly gaining popularity among many young executives and professionals around the globe. In this piece, we talk about the thought process behind the FIRE movement and the things that one should be careful about.

Why FIRE?
Most of the executives today have been working hard in tough competition and are in the so-called 'rat's race'. The pay is not bad and most executives are earning well and maintaining a good standard of living. However, most of the executives feel a greater need for personal freedom and balance in life. This is the starting point towards FIRE. In brief, the following reasons can be cited which supports the FIRE movement.

  • Good pay from at the start of the career > potential for higher savings
  • Married couples having double income
  • The uncertainty of the present job profiles in the long-term,
  • increased work pressure and internal politics
  • Greater opportunities for freelancing
  • Rise and maturing of the start-up culture
  • Longing for professional independence
  • Social acceptance for new work culture /life choices

What does FIRE really mean?
Contrary to what one may perceive, FIRE is not retirement. It is about having the freedom to engage in work of your choice and at your terms. Most FIRE families have to work for money. They are not rich but have enough resources to live a modest life. However, the difference being that the money is not as critical as it was earlier. The families living the FIRE life may have some tough choices to make in their lives. They normally make big cut downs on discretionary expenses and live a modest life.

Steps to FIRE

  • Make appropriate plans for pre and post FIRE life
  • Work hard for last few years and save as much as possible
  • Cut down on all unnecessary and discretionary expenses
  • Cut down and eliminate all outstanding debt
  • Settle down with your own house (optional)
  • Build skills and knowledge required for life post FIRE
  • Decide on the appropriate time and resources to make the jump

So when is the perceived right time for FIRE? Apparently, it is when you have adequate net savings to sustain you for at least a decent foreseeable future. This FIRE kitty should be adequate enough to generate enough earnings or cash flow to meet your essential life needs.

Most of the above habits and behaviour related to saving and expenses continues after FIRE. However, the difference now is that the regular pay-cheque is replaced by inconsistent cash flows. Some people may slowly end up doing great on freelancing side, early adequate income so that their FIRE kitty is not exhausted but instead gets getting bigger.

Risks to FIRE:
There are many professionals in India who today start thinking of taking a break from work and/or starting their own business. Ideally, 40 or even 35 years is the new target age for such professionals for building some kitty to start on their own. While it all sounds great and nice, here are a few things that deserve considerable rethinking...

  • You / your family has to survive at least the next 30-40 years without regular income!
  • There are huge uncertainties on health/medical front which can wipe out your kitty.
  • There are personal sacrifices you may need to make for things like personal holidays, cars, demands of your children, entertainment expenses and so on.
  • Family support and understanding is crucial for a happy life after FIRE.
  • Freelancing and running own business successfully is not going to be easy and will take lots of hard work.

However, everything boils down to what you desire from life and how well you plan ahead. Nothing is impossible and today not everything is measured in monetary terms, though it still remains as important as ever. If you or your children are serious of FIRE, we would suggest that you talk to your advisor first and make a thorough plan.

 

Friday, December 28 2018
Source/Contribution by : NJ Publications

If one has to describe the year 2018 for financial markets in one word, it would be 'volatile'. As we have known, markets tend to be volatile in short periods of time and 2018 was not surprise. The year saw both the Indian and the global markets having bouts of volatility. As we come close to this year, perhaps we can draw a few lessons and refresh ourselves of what will soon be history – year 2018.

The year's market fluctuations had multiple reasons. Market volatility also saw it's impact on the investor's returns. The reasons include, weak global markets, US and China trade war, slowing earnings growth, increase and decrease in oil prices , state elections, ongoing tiffs between RBI and the Central Government and so on. The year saw the Sensex at an all time high of 38,989 (29th August) and at a year low of 32,483 (23rd March), moving in a range of over 20% during the year. As the year comes to a close, the markets are around 36,100 levels compared to the year's start of at 33813. With all the volatility, the year is still closing on a positive note with an increase of over 6.5%. The graph below will shows how the BSE Sensex has moved this year.

There one thing which has been keenly observed this year and its' about investor behaviour. The intermittent market swings did not dissuade the investors and instead they seemed to have become more mature. There have been incidents when the market didn't over react to a certain news and also bounced back quickly after some knee jerk reactions. One such instance was observed recently on 12th December when news of BJP loosing all three states and the RBI governor resigning came. When everyone would have thought the markets will tank, the opposite happened and the markets closed much higher for the two action filled days. This showed that nothing is truly predictable in the markets in short term.

The volatility and jolts did affect portfolios and returns.

When one takes a narrow look at the returns for 2018 alone, a lot of portfolios may have underperformed compared to expectations. This is not new in equity markets and hence it is important to understand that in the long term, the effect of volatility is smoothened out as we can see from the broader indices. As investors, we are sure that for our readers, the focus continues to be on the long term investment. Markets will always be volatile, sometimes more and sometimes less, especially in the short term.

Thankfully, the year did see more maturity from investors. Instead of investors shying away from investing in the market, investors continued to prefer the SIP route to investing which actually works best in markets with high volatility. The mutual fund SIP investments in November 2018 rose by 35% to Rs 7,985 crore, from Rs 5,893 crore in November 2017.

Similarly SIP investments from April to November 2018 rose by 48% to Rs 60,457 crore, from Rs 40,780 crore during April to November 2017.

Apart from retail investors, both the foreign and domestic institutional investors have also remained positive about the Indian economy, irrespective of the fluctuations in the stock market.

During the times when the market price of your investments is falling, one should remember the rule of the ace investor Warren Buffett. The rule is, when the market prices of your investments are falling, you should increase your investment more as you can now by the same investment at cheaper rates. The same rule can also be observed in the average price rule. The average rule basically helps you take advantage of the volatility.

Obviously this is considering that you are investing in the right asset class for the right time horizon, keeping your risk profile or portfolio asset allocation in mind.

To end, let us again remind ourselves that the equity markets are bound to be volatile in short periods of time like say one year. Evaluating anything and making judgement over short term is really not in the best interests of anyone. If the markets where volatile, that is how they usually are in short term and are again likely to be volatile for year 2019 as well. As investors, we should just learn from the markets and keep our conviction in long term growth story of India.

 

We offer our services through personal counsel with each of our clients after understanding their wealth distribution needs. Our approach is to enable our clients to understand their investments, have knowledge of investment products, and that they make proper progress towards achieving their financial goals in life.

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